City of Knoxville - Mayors of Knoxville

CITY OF KNOXVILLE MAYORS

Portraits of most of the previous Mayors of Knoxville have been gathered together for viewing enjoyment in the atrium on the 5th floor of the City County Building.

Numbers in parenthesis are (year of birth - year of death)

Dec. 17, 2011-
Madeline Rogero
(1952- ---- )

Born in Jacksonville, Florida; sworn into office as the City of Knoxville's first female Mayor on Dec. 17, 2011; City Community Development Director; County Commissioner

No portrait available at this time

2011
Daniel T. Brown
(1945- ---- )

Born in Knoxville; named interim Mayor on January 10, 2011, due to the resignation of Mayor Bill Haslam who was elected as the Governor of Tennessee; first African-American to serve as Knoxville's Mayor; served on City Council; retired from the U. S. Postal Service; Honorable Discharge from the U. S. Army - Vietnam Veteran

2004-2011
Bill Haslam
(1958- ---- )

Born in Knoxville; served as president and director of Pilot Corp; former chief executive officer of SAKS Direct, the e-commerce and catalogue division of Saks Fifth Avenue; owner of the Tennessee Smokies East Tennessee AA Baseball Team; resigned as Mayor on Jan. 10, 2011; became 49th Governor of the State of Tennessee on Jan. 15, 2011

1988-2003
Victor Ashe
(1945- ---- )

Born in Knoxville; State Representative 1968-1974; State Senator 1975-1984; U.S. Ambassador to Poland 2004-2009; nominated by President Obama to the Broadcasting Board of Governors on November 20, 2009 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 30, 2010

1984-1987
Kyle C. Testerman
(1935- ---- )

Born in Knoxville; lawyer and businessman; TN Delegate to Republican National Convention; served on City Council; also served as Mayor 1972-1975

1976-1983
Randall "Randy" Tyree
(1940- ---- )

Born in Carthage, Smith County, Tennessee; lawyer; served as a police officer and Safety Director for City; candidate for Governor of TN in 1982; served as Mayor during the 1982 World's Fair

1972-1975
Kyle C. Testerman
(1935- ---- )

Born in Knoxville; lawyer and businessman; TN Delegate to Republican National Convention; served on City Council; also served as Mayor 1984-1987

1965-1971
Leonard R. Rogers
(1912-1996)

Born in Shelby County, Tennessee; Executive Director of Tennessee Valley Fair; served on City Council

1964
Robert L. Crossley
(1928-2006)

Born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio; lawyer, partner in the law firm of Baker, Worthington, Crossley, Stansberry & Woolf; City of Knoxville Law Director; served as "Acting Mayor" for Dec. 1964

1959-1964
John J. Duncan
(1919-1988)

Born in Huntsville, Scott County, Tennessee; lawyer; served in U.S. Army during World War II; U.S. Representative from TN 2nd District; TN delegate to Republican National Convention; resigned from office Dec. 1, 1964 when elected to Congress; father of John James "Jimmy" Duncan Jr., U.S. Representative from TN 2nd Dsitrict

1959
Cas Walker
(1903-1998)

Born in Sevier County, Tennessee; grocery store owner; newspaper publisher; radio show host; helped launch the career of Dolly Parton and Tennessee Ernie Ford; served on City Council; served as "Acting Mayor" 1959; also served as Mayor in 1946 but was recalled on Dec. 3, 1946; buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1956-1959
Jack W. Dance
(1897-1959)

Born in Knoxville; county official; TN delegate to Republican National Convention; died in office April 12, 1959; buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1952-1955
George Roby Dempster
(1887-1964)

Born in Knoxville; industrialist; inventor (Dempster Dumpster); City Manager; humanitarian; served on City Council; buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1948-1951
James W. Elmore, Jr.
(1906-1983)

Born in Knoxville; businessman; son of Mayor James W. Elmore; buried at Highland Memorial Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1946-1947
Edward L. Chavannes
(1907-1990)

Born in Knoxville; lumber business owner

1946
Caswell "Cas" Walker
(1903-1998)

Born in Sevier County, Tennessee; grocery store owner; newspaper publisher; radio show host; helped launch the career of Dolly Parton and Tennessee Ernie Ford; served on City Council; recalled as Mayor on Dec. 3, 1946; also served as "Acting Mayor" 1959; buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1944-1945
E. E. Patton
(1874-1961)

Born in Carter County, Tennessee; educator; member of Tennessee State Legislature; served on City Council

1942-1943
Fred R. Stair
(1892-1972)

Born in Knoxville; lumber company executive; City School Board member for 12 years; founder of Stair Technical School (now Fulton High School); served on City Council

1940-1941
Fred L. Allen
(1866-1957)

Born in Alabama; Standard Oil businessman; served on City Council; buried at Green Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1938-1939
Walter W. Mynatt
(1898-1979)

Born in Knoxville; City Director of Public Service; served on City Council; buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1936-1937
James W. Elmore
(1876-1938)

Born in Knoxville; businessman; buried in Highland Memorial Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1932-1935
John T. O'Connor
(1881-1968)

Born in Knoxville; machinist; business leader; City Welfare Director; served on City Council; John T. O'Connor Senior Center at 611 Winona St. named after him

1930-1931
James A. Trent
(1885-1974)

Born in Knox County; printing business owner; served on City Council; buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1928-1929
James Alexander Fowler
(1863-1955)

Born in Knox County; lawyer; TN delegate to Republican National Convention; U.S. Assistant Attorney General; served on City Council

1924-1927
Ben A. Morton
(1875-1952)

Born in Blount County, Tennessee; grocery jobber; capitalist; civic leader; helped found the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Morton's Overlook is named after him;

1920-1923
Ernest Wesley Neal
(1867-1941)

Born in Ohio; businessman; buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1916-1919
John E. McMillan
(1868-1926)

Born in Knoxville; banker; was Mayor during the Knoxville Riot of 1919; served on Board of Alderman; served on City Commission; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1912
Sam E. Hill
(1873-1940)

Born in Union County, Tennessee; educator and businessman; served on City Commission; served as "Acting Mayor" in 1912; Sam E. Hill Park at 1725 Delaware Ave. is named after him; buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1910-1915
Samuel G. Heiskell
(1858-1923)

Lawyer, historian, State Representative; born in Monroe County; also served as Mayor 1896-97, 1900-01, and 1906-07; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1908-1909
John McMillan Brooks
(1840-1921)

Civil War officer; insurance business; founder of the military department of the University of Tennessee; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1906-1907
Samuel G. Heiskell
(1858-1923)

Born in Monroe County, Tennessee; lawyer, historian, State Representative; also served as Mayor 1896-97, 1900-01, and 1910-15; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1904-1905
William H. Gass
( unknown )

President of Knoxville Banking Company; served on Board of Alderman

1904
John Paul Murphy
(1857-1925)

Born in Bulls Gap, Hawkins County, Tennessee; lawyer, state legislator; served on Board of Alderman

1902-1903
Joseph Tedford McTeer
(1840-1904)

Established the business of McTeer, Payne, Burger & Hood in 1876; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

This photo was provided to the City by a family member

1900-1901
Samuel G. Heiskell
(1858-1923)

Born in Monroe County, Tennessee; lawyer, historian, State Representative; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1896-97, 1906-07, and 1910-15; served as a City Alderman in 1882; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1898 -1899
William Rule
(1839-1928)

Born in Knox County; Civil War officer; editor; general store owner; Knoxville Postmaster, 1873-1881; Clerk of County Court of Knox County, 1866-1871; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1868; U.S. Pension Agent at Knoxville, 1889-1893; established a city waterworks; founder of the Knoxville Journal; wrote Standard History of Knoxville, Tennessee in 1900, city's first comprehensive history; Rule High School (1927-1991) was named after him; charter trustee of Lawson McGhee Library board; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1873; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1896-1897
Samuel G. Heiskell
(1858-1923)

Born in Monroe County, Tennessee; lawyer, historian, State Representative; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1900-01, 1906-07, and 1910-15; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1892-1895
M. E. Thompson
(unknown -1906)

Built the Palace Hotel; livery stable owner; realtor; Mayor when first brick streets were laid in Knoxville

1890-1891
Peter Kern
(1835-1907)

Born near Heidelberg, Germany; Civil War soldier; businessman; founder of what eventually became Kern's Bakery; built the Kern Building at 1 Market Square which now houses the St. Oliver Hotel and Tupelo Honey; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1888-1889
Martin J. Condon
(1858-1940)

Born in Hawkins County, Tennessee; wholesale grocer, Condon Brothers on Gay St; both of his brothers, Michael and Stephen, were City Aldermen; financier; industrialist; President of American Snuff Co.; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Calvary Cemetery in Memphis, TN

1885-1887
James C. Luttrell, Jr.
(1841-1914)

Born in Knoxville; Civil War officer; hardware merchant; son of Mayor James Churchwell Luttrell and brother to Mayor Samuel Bell Luttrell; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1883-1884
William C. Fulcher
(1850-1926)

Born near Abingdon, Washington County, Virginia; building contractor; realtor; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1882
Reuben S. Payne
(1844-1896)

Born in Davidson County, TN; Civil War soldier; hat merchant, first in New York City, then Knoxville; banker, elected president of the East Tennessee National Bank in 1884; buried at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1881-1882
Peter Staub
(1827-1904)

Born in Switzerland; United States Consul to Switzerland; tailor; builder of Staub's Theater; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1874-75; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1880
Hardy Bryan Branner
(1851-1938)

Born in Georgia; textile mills owner; official of Standard Knitting Mills; President of Third National Bank; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1879
Samuel Bell Luttrell
(1844-1933)

Born in Knoxville; hardware merchant; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1879; President of Mechanics National Bank of Knoxville; son of Mayor James Churchwell Luttrell, brother of Mayor James C. Luttrell, Jr. and grandson of Mayor Samuel Bell; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1878
Joseph Jaques
(1825-1883)

Born in England; industrialist and bank president; operated three steamboats on the Tennessee River {the Loudon, the Tennessee, the Knoxville); V.P and general superintendent of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad; served on Board of Alderman; one of the five mayors in 1858; also served as Mayor 1858; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1876 - 1877
Daniel A. Carpenter
(1837-1918)

Born in Rockcastle County, Kentucky; Civil War officer; businessman; sheriff; appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by President Johnson in 1867; appointed U.S. Pension Agent by President Cleveland in 1887; served on Board of Alderman; buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1874-1875
Peter Staub
(1827-1904)

Born in Switzerland; United States Consul to Switzerland; tailor; builder of Staub's Theater; also served as Mayor 1881-82; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1873
William Rule
(1839-1928)

Born in Knox County; Civil War officer; editor; general store owner; Knoxville Postmaster, 1873-1881; Clerk of County Court of Knox County, 1866-1871; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1868; U.S. Pension Agent at Knoxville, 1889-1893; helped establish a city waterworks; founder of the Knoxville Journal; wrote Standard History of Knoxville, Tennessee in 1900, city's first comprehensive history; Rule High School (1927-1991) was named after him; charter trustee of Lawson McGhee Library board; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1898-99; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1870-1872
John S. Van Gilder
(1825-1902)

Born in New Jersey; developer; manufacturer; banker; helped charter the Citizens Railway Company in 1886

1868-1869
Marcus DeLafayette Bearden
(1830-1885)

Civil War officer; sheriff; state representative; Bearden, in West Knoxville, was named in his honor; helped found Lakeshore Mental Health Institute (formerly Lyons View Insane Asylum); served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1859-1867
James C. Luttrell
(1813-1878)

Born in Knox County; Comptroller of the Treasury of Tennessee, 1855-1857; register of Knox County; Knoxville Postmaster 1861-1869; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1859; Senator from Knox county, 1869-1871; his two sons, James C. Luttrell Jr. and Samuel Bell Luttrell were both mayors; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1854

1858
A. M. Piper
(1820-1873)

Born in Greene County, Tennessee; merchant; served on Board of Alderman; served as Mayor from August thru December of 1958; one of the five mayors in 1858

1858
Charles James McClung
(1826-1908)

Merchant, founding partner of Cowan, McClung & Co.; civic leader; served on Board of Alderman; never really served as mayor; according to Board of Alderman minutes for 1858, he was elected by the Board on May 6, but declined the office - A.M. Piper, another alderman, was elected mayor and served the remaining year; one of the five mayors in 1858

1858
James H. Cowan
(1801-1871)

Born in Knoxville; merchant; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1836; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, 1838; President of East TN Female Institute from about 1860 to his death; trustee of Tennessee Deaf and Dumb School, 1846; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1856; one of the five mayors in 1858, was elected and then resigned; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1858
Joseph Jaques
(1825-1883)

Born in England; industrialist and bank president; operated three steamboats on the Tennessee River {the Loudon, the Tennessee, the Knoxville); V.P and general superintendent of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad; served on Board of Alderman; one of the five mayors in 1858, served only a few days and resigned; also served as Mayor 1878; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1858
James M. White
( unknown )

Served on Board of Alderman in 1857; served as mayor from January through May of 1858 when he resigned; one of the five mayors in 1858; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1857
Thomas J. Powell
(1821-1900)

Merchant; owner of a dry goods store on Gay St.; served on Board of Alderman; Mayor August 1857 to January 1858; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1857
Samuel Davies Carrick White
(1825-1860)

Born in Knoxville; son of Hugh Lawson White, grandson of James White, the founder of Knoxville; Mayor from January 1857 to August 1857

1856
James H. Cowan
(1801-1871)

Born in Knoxville; merchant; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1836; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, 1838; President of East TN Female Institute from about 1860 to his death; trustee of Tennessee Deaf and Dumb School, 1846; served on Board of Alderman; Mayor from November 1856 to January 1857; also served as Mayor 1858; one of the five mayors in 1858, was elected and then resigned; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1855-1856
Willliam Graham Swan
(1821-1869)

Lawyer; state circuit judge; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1854; Tennessee Attorney General, 1851-1854; as Mayor he welcomed the first train to Knoxville in 1855; along with Joseph A. Mabry, he donated land that comprises the Market Square area; buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, TN

1854
James Churchwell Luttrell
(1813-1878)

Born in Knox County; Comptroller of the Treasury of Tennessee, 1855-1857; register of Knox County; Knoxville Postmaster 1861-1869; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1859; Senator from Knox county, 1869-1871; his two sons, James C. Luttrell Jr. and Samuel Bell Luttrell were both mayors; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1859-67

1852-1853
George M. White
(1800-1884)

Born in Knoxville; sheriff; county court clerk; circuit court clerk; judge; recorder; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1840; trustee of Knoxville Female Academy, 1845; President of East TN Female Institute, 1872-1876; grandson of this city's founder, James White; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1847-1851
Samuel B. Boyd
(1806-1855)

Born in Grainger County, Tennessee; lawyer; judge; occupant of Blount Mansion after 1844; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1846; trustee of TN Deaf and Dumb School, 1852; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1846
Joseph Lewis King
(1811-1900)

Born in Knoxville; merchant; manufacturer; one of the organizers of Knoxville and Charleston Railroad Co. in 1852; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1840; buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta, GA

1844-1845
Samuel Bell
(1798-1882)

Born in Washington County, Pennsylvania; silversmith; jeweler; at age 14 worked in arms factory making swords for use in War of 1812; made a pair of silver spurs for Gen. Sam Houston who wore them at the battle of San Jacinto; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1840-41

1843
Matthew Moore Gaines
(1807-1893)

Merchant; served as alderman in 1840-1842; his granddaughter, Mary Gaines, in 1893 laid the first brick in the sand on Gay Street near Main for the beginning of the city's first brick street; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1842
Gideon Morgan Hazen
(1810-1880)

Merchant; businessman; large landholder; builder of "Middlebrook," the house that provided the name for Middlebrook Pike; he established the paper mill on Middlebrook Pike from which Paper Mill Road took its name; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery

1840-1841
Samuel Bell
(1798-1882)

Born in Washington County, Pennsylvania; silversmith; jeweler; at age 14 worked in arms factory making swords for use in War of 1812; made a pair of silver spurs for Gen. Sam Houston who wore them at the battle of San Jacinto; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1844-45

1838-1839
William Baine Alexander Ramsey
(1799-1874)

Born in Knoxville at Swan Pond (Ramsey House); lawyer; Knoxville Chancery Court Clerk and Master, 1832-1848; built a steamboat called Knoxville; editor/publisher of the Knoxville Register; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1836; Secretary of State of Tennessee 1847-1855; served on Board of Alderman; was first Mayor elected by citizens; buried at Nashville City Cemetery in Nashville, TN

1837
James King
(1787-1838)

Born in Montgomery County, Virginia; set up medical practice in Knoxville in 1812; merchant; owned two steamboats, that brought groceries from New Orleans for his business at the corner of Gay and Church; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1821; served on Board of Alderman; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1835-1836
William C. Mynatt
(1787-1837)

Served in U.S. Army in War of 1812; hotel keeper, Mynatt's Hotel; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1820; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, est. 1827; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1822-23 and 1827

1835
Frederick Steidinger Heiskell
(1786-1882)

Born in Hagerstown, Washington Co., Maryland; published the Knoxville Register; farmer; elected to TN Senate for three terms; one of the founders of the Knoxville Public Library; Trustee of East TN College (now U.T.); trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, est. 1827; served on Board of Alderman

1834-1835
Solomon D. Jacobs
(1797-1858)

Merchant; farmer; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1826; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, 1829; first president of Hiwassee Railroad Co., 1837; trustee at East TN University (now U.T.), 1840; served in state legislature 1839-41; served on Board of Alderman; was a Brigadier-General of Militia, moved to Washington, D.C., 1851; First Assistant Postmaster General, 1851; buried in Nevitt Cemetery in Adams County, Mississippi

1832-1833
Donald McIntosh
(1797-1837)

Born in Inverness, Scotland; graduated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh; came to U.S. around 1818; physician; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1821; died in Knoxville in the yellow fever epidemic in 1837

1828-1831
Joseph Churchill Strong
(1775-1844)

Born in Bolton, Tolland County, Connecticut; physician, surgeon; civic leader; economist; his residence was built in 1814 by architect Thomas Hope who also built Ramsey House; served in U.S. Navy as surgeon's mate aboard frigate Trumbull; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, est. 1827; charter member of Knoxville Academy of Medicine; served on Board of Alderman

1827
William C. Mynatt
(1787-1837)

Served in U.S. Army in War of 1812; hotel keeper, Mynatt's Hotel; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1820; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, est. 1827; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1822-23 and 1835-36

1824-1826
James Park
(1770-1853)

Born in Donegal County, Ireland; came to U.S. in 1796 and Knoxville in 1798; merchant; justice of the peace; built one of the city's 1st homes in 1812 at 422 W. Cumberland Ave. (Park House is Knoxville's second-oldest house, Blount Mansion is first); trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1836; charter trustee of Knoxville Female Academy, 1811; director of Bank of East Tennessee; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1818-21; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1822-1823
William C. Mynatt
(1787-1837)

Served in U.S. Army in War of 1812; hotel keeper, Mynatt's Hotel; trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1820; trustee of the Knoxville Female Academy, est. 1827; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1827 and 1835-36

1818-1821
James Park
(1770-1853)

Born in Donegal County, Ireland; came to U.S. in 1796 and Knoxville in 1798; merchant; justice of the peace; built one of the city's 1st homes in 1812 at 422 W. Cumberland Ave. (Park House is Knoxville's second-oldest house, Blount Mansion is first); trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1836; charter trustee of Knoxville Female Academy, 1811; director of Bank of East Tennessee; served on Board of Alderman; also served as Mayor 1824-26; buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville, TN

1816-1817
Thomas Emmerson
(1772-1837)

Born in Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, Virginia; first mayor of Knoxville; lawyer; judge; newspaper editor and publisher; helped establish the Bank of Knoxville; appointed charter trustee at East TN College (now U.T.), 1807; charter trustee of Knoxville Female Academy, 1811; said to have introduced, along with David A. Deaderick, the first cast iron plow into East Tennessee; buried in Old Cemetery in Jonesborough, Tennessee

Knoxville was incorporated, Oct. 27, 1815, by act of the state legislature

Knoxville was founded in 1791

Knoxville was settled in 1786

SPECIAL NOTES:

There are no official portraits in the gallery for these Mayors. The black and white drawings are scans from the 1891 / 1892 Knoxville City Directory published by E. W. Crozier, 52 Church Street, southwest corner of Gay. The Knoxville City Directories are in the collection of the McClung Historical Collection of the Knox County Public Library.

Some of the above photos of paintings show light glare distortions.

Information sources for the content of this page include the following:

Mary Rothrock (ed.) - The French Broad - Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee (Knoxville, TN: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1946, 1972).

East Tennessee Historical Society, Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee.

William Rule, George Mellen, John Wooldridge (ed.) -Standard History of Knoxville, Tennessee (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1900; reprinted by Kessinger Books, 2010)

American Historical Magazine and Tennessee Historical Society Quarterly, Volume 9 (1904)

Oliver P. Temple - Notable Men of Tennessee: From 1833 to 1875, Their Times and Their Contemporaries (New York: Cosmopolitan Press, 1912)

University of Tennessee Record, Vol. 1 & Vol. 5 by University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1898

Tennessee State Library and Archives, 403 Seventh Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0312

Bruce Wheeler, Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2005)

FindAGrave.com

National Park Service

Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture

City of Knoxville Charter and Ordinances